Abstract
Boris Georgievich Golovkin
It is shown that all possible distributions of molecules of an ideal gas with zero dimensions of monatomic molecules that collide elastically with each other are in equilibrium, and with nonzero dimensions an equilibrium universal distribution of the gas molecules along the velocities and angular momentum must arise. In a real gas in an isolated system, due to dissipation, evolution goes simultaneously toward the universal distribution and toward the occurrence of an equal-velocity distribution, and also towards the degradation of the gas due to the decrease of the molecular velocities to zero values. In a non-isolated system, the real gas has a distribution close to the Maxwell distribution.
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